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Current Bibliographies in Medicine: Acupuncture Usage - Addictions and Psychiatric Disorders

© National Institutes of Health


Selected Controlled Trials

Ackerman RW. The experience of women receiving auricular acupuncture treatment for chemical dependency during pregnancy [dissertation]. [Santa Barbara (CA)]: The Fielding Institute; 1994. 301 p.

Avants SK, Margolin A, Chang P, Kosten TR, Birch S. Acupuncture for the treatment of cocaine addiction. Investigation of a needle puncture control. J Subst Abuse Treat 1995 May-Jun;12(3):195-205.

Avants SK, Margolin A, Kosten TR. Cocaine abuse in methadone maintenance programs: integrating pharmacotherapy with psychosocial interventions. J Psychoactive Drugs 1994;26(2):137-46.

Buguet A, Sartre M, Le Kerneau J. [Continuous nocturnal automassage of an acupuncture point modifies sleep in healthy subjects]. Neurophysiol Clin 1995;25(2):78-83. (Fre).

Bullock ML, Umen AJ, Culliton PD, Olander RT. Acupuncture treatment of alcoholic recidivism: a pilot study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1987 Jun;11(3):292-5.

Cai ZM. Relation between the extent of distinctness of propagated sensation along channels and therapeutic effect of acupuncture on enuresis in Senegal patients. Chen Tzu Yen Chiu 1987;12 Suppl 2:65-6.

Clavel F, Benhamou S, Company-Huertas A, Flamant R. Helping people to stop smoking: randomised comparison of groups being treated with acupuncture and nicotine gum with control group. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985 Nov 30;291(6508):1538-9.

Clavel F, Paoletti C. [A study of various smoking cessation programs based on close to 1000 volunteers recruited from the general population: 1-month results]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 1990;38(2):133-8. (Fre).

Clavel-Chapelon F, Paoletti C, Benhamou S. A randomised 2 x 2 factorial design to evaluate different smoking cessation methods. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 1992;40(3):187-90.

Clavel-Chapelon F, Paoletti C, Benhamou S. Smoking cessation rates 4 years after treatment by nicotine gum and acupuncture. Prev Med 1997 Jan-Feb;26(1):25-8.

Cottraux J, Schbath J, Messy P, Mollard E, Juenet C, Collet L. Predictive value of MMPI scales on smoking cessation programs outcomes. Acta Psychiatr Belg 1986 Jul-Aug;86(4):463-9.

Gillams J, Lewith GT, Machin D. Acupuncture and group therapy in stopping smoking. Practitioner 1984 Mar;228(1389):341-4.

He D, Berg JE, Hostmark AT. Effects of acupuncture on smoking cessation or reduction for motivated smokers. Prev Med 1997;26(2):208-14.

Kane J, Di Scipio WJ. Acupuncture treatment of schizophrenia: report on three cases. Am J Psychiatry 1979 Mar;136(3):297-302.

Konefal J, Duncan R, Clemence C. Comparison of three levels of auricular acupuncture in an outpatient substance abuse program. Altern Med J 1995;2(5):8-17.

Konefal J, Duncan R, Clemence C. The impact of the addition of an acupuncture treatment program to an existing metro-Dade County outpatient substance abuse treatment facility. J Addict Dis 1994;13(3):71-99.

Lagrue G, Poupy JL, Grillot A, Ansquer JC. [Antismoking acupuncture. Short-term results of a double-blind comparative study (letter)]. Nouv Presse Med 1980 Mar 15;9(13):966. (Fre).

Lao HH. A retrospective study on the use of acupuncture for the prevention of alcoholic recidivism. Am J Acupunct 1995;23(1):29-33.

Law M, Tang JL. An analysis of the effectiveness of interventions intended to help people stop smoking. Arch Intern Med 1995 Oct 9;155(18):1933-41.

Leung AS. Acupuncture treatment of withdrawal symptoms. Am J Acupunct 1977;5(1):43-50.

Li QS, Liu ZY, Ma HJ, Lu YY, Fang YA, Hou YZ, Cao SH, Zhang ZH. A preliminary study on the mechanism of ear-acupuncture for withdrawal of smoking. J Tradit Chin Med 1987 Dec;7(4):243-7.

Lipton DS, Brewington V, Smith M. Acupuncture for crack-cocaine detoxification: experimental evaluation of efficacy. J Subst Abuse Treat 1994 May-Jun;11(3):205-15.

Luo H, Jia Y, Feng X, Zhao X, Tang LC. Advances in clinical research on common mental disorders with computer controlled electro-acupuncture treatment. Adv Exp Med Biol 1995;363:109-22.

Luo HC, Shen YC, Jia YK. [Clinical study of electro-acupuncture on 133 patients with depression in comparison with tricyclic amitriptyline]. Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1988 Feb;8(2):77-80, 68. (Chi).

Luo HC, Shen YC, Zhou D, Jia YK. A comparative study of the treatment of depression by electroacupuncture and amitriptyline. Acupuncture 1990 Summer;1(2):20-6.

Man PL, Chuang MY. Acupuncture in methadone withdrawal. Int J Addict 1980 Aug;15(6):921-6.

Margolin A, Avants SK, Chang P, Birch S, Kosten TR. A single-blind investigation of four auricular needle puncture configurations. Am J Chin Med 1995;23(2):105-14.

Margolin A, Avants SK, Chang P, Kosten TR. Acupuncture for the treatment of cocaine dependence in methadone-maintained patients. Am J Addict 1993 Summer;2(3):194-201.

Margolin A, Chang P, Avants SK, Kosten TR. Effects of sham and real auricular needling: implications for trials of acupuncture for cocaine addiction. Am J Chin Med 1993;21(2):103-11.

Rampes H, Pereira S, Mortimer A, Manoharan S, Knowles M. Does electroacupuncture reduce craving for alcohol? A randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Med 1997;5(1):19-26.

Richard AJ, Montoya ID, Nelson R, Spence RT. Effectiveness of adjunct therapies in crack cocaine treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat 1995 Nov-Dec;12(6):401-13.

Riet GT, Kleijnen P, Knipschild P. A meta-analysis of studies into the effect of acupuncture on addiction. Br J Gen Pract 1990;40(338):379-82.

Steiner RP, Hay DL, Davis AW. Acupuncture therapy for the treatment of tobacco smoking addiction. Am J Chin Med 1982;10(1-4):107-21.

Vandevenne A, Rempp M, Burghard G, et al. [Study of the specific contribution of acupuncture to tobacco detoxication]. Sem Hop 1985;61(29):2155-60. (Fre).

Washburn AM, Fullilove RE, Fullilove MT, Keenan PA, McGee B, Morris KA, Sorensen JL, Clark WW. Acupuncture heroin detoxification: a single-blind clinical trial. J Subst Abuse Treat 1993 Jul-Aug;10(4):345-51.

White AR, Rampes H. Acupuncture in smoking cessation. In: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [database on CDROM]. Oxford: Update Software; 1997 [updated 1996 Nov 24]. [9 p.]. (The Cochrane Library; 1997 no. 2).

Worner TM, Zeller B, Schwarz H, Zwas F, Lyon D. Acupuncture fails to improve treatment outcome in alcoholics. Drug Alcohol Depend 1992 Jun;30(2):169-73.

Yang X, Liu X, Luo H, Jia Y. Clinical observation on needling extrachannel points in treating mental depression. J Tradit Chin Med 1994 Mar;14(1):14-8.

Zhang B. [A controlled study of clinical therapeutic effects of laser acupuncture for schizophrenia]. Chung Hua Shen Ching Ching Shen Ko Tsa Chih 1991 Apr;24(2):81-3, 124. (Chi).

Other Data

Alexander CN, Robinson P, Rainforth M. Treating and preventing alcohol, nicotine, and drug abuse through transcendental meditation: a review and statistical meta-analysis. Alcohol Treat Q 1994;11(1-2):13-87.

Andres G. Un homme angoisse. Rev Fr Acupunct 1983;9(35):43-4. (Fre).

Ballal SG, Khawaji YN. Auricular stimulation and acupuncture as an adjuvant to an anti-smoking programme: analysis of the results of a 1-year experience. Tuber Lung Dis 1992 Dec;73(6):396.

Blum K, Briggs AH, Trachtenberg MC, Delallo L, Wallace JE. Enkephalinase inhibition: regulation of ethanol intake in genetically predisposed mice. Alcohol 1987 Nov Dec;4(6):449-56.

Boscq C. Abord de la problematique alcoolique a partir d'un lieu de soins. Rev Fr Acupunct 1994;20(78):10-5. (Fre).

Boureau F, Willer JC. [Failure of naloxone to modify the anti-tobacco effect of acupuncture (author's transl)]. Nouv Presse Med 1978 Apr 22;7(16):1401. (Fre).

Bresler DE, Cohen JS, Kroening R, Levin N, Sadoff A. The potential of acupuncture for the behavioral sciences. Am Psychol 1975 Mar;30(3):411-4.

Brewington V, Smith M, Lipton D. Acupuncture as a detoxification treatment: an analysis of controlled research. J Subst Abuse Treat 1994 Jul-Aug;11(4):289-307.

Brigo B, Campacci R. [Antismoking treatment by needle puncture of the ear]. Riabilitazione 1980;13(4):191-7. (Ita).

Brumbaugh AG. Acupuncture: new perspectives in chemical dependency treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat 1993;10(1):35-43.

Bucek R. [Role of combined ear and body acupuncture in tobacco weaning and weight reduction]. Dtsch Z Akupunktur 1986;29(2):27-32. (Ger).

Bullock ML, Culliton PD, Olander RT. Controlled trial of acupuncture for severe recidivist alcoholism. Lancet 1989 Jun 24;1(8652):1435-9. Comment in: Lancet 1990 Jan 6;335(8680):20-1.

Bullock ML, Umen AJ, Culliton PD, Olander RT. Acupuncture treatment of alcoholic recividism: a pilot study. Am J Acupunct 1987;15(4):313-20.

Caione P, Nappo S, Capozza N, Minni B, Ferro F. [Primary enuresis in children. Which treatment today?] Minerva Pediatr 1994;46(10):437-43. (Ita).

Capozza N, Creti G, De Gennaro M, Minni B, Caione P. [The treatment of nocturnal enuresis. A comparative study between desmopressin and acupuncture used alone or in combination]. Minerva Pediatr 1991 Sep;43(9):577-82. (Ita).

Cazzullo CL, Rogora GA, Frigoli D, Morelli R. [Personal experience with acupuncture in psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine]. Minerva Med 1977;68(33):2295-307. (Ita).

Chen A. An introduction to sequential electric acupuncture (SEA) in the treatment of stress related physical and mental disorders. Acupunct Electrother Res 1992 Oct-Dec;17(4):273-83.

Chen GS. Enkephalin, drug addiction and acupuncture. Am J Chin Med 1977;5(1):25-30.

Cheng RS, Pomeranz B, Yu G. Electroacupuncture treatment of morphine-dependent mice reduces signs of withdrawal, without showing cross-tolerance. Eur J Pharmacol 1980 Dec 19;68(4):477-81.

Choy YM, Tso WW, Fung KP, Leung KC, Tsang YF, Lee CY, Tsang D. Suppression of narcotic withdrawals and plasma ACTH by auricular electroacupunture. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1978 May 15;82(1):305-9.

Clavel F, Benhamou S. [Tobacco withdrawal. Comparison of the efficacy of various methods. Intermediate results of a comparative study]. Presse Med 1984 Apr 14;13(16):975-7. (Fre).

Clavel F, Benhamou S, Flamant R. Nicotine dependence and secondary effects of smoking cessation. J Behav Med 1987;10(6):555-8.

Clement-Jones V, McLoughlin L, Lowry PJ, et al. Acupuncture in heroin addicts: changes in met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Lancet 1979;2(8139):380-2.

Cocchi R, Fusari A, Favuto F, Lorini G. [Acupuncture, vital drugs and psychotropic agents in psychiatric patients. 50 cases]. Minerva Med 1978 Sep 22;69(44):3003-9. (Ita).

Cocchi R, Lorini G, Fusari A, Carrossino R. [Experience with detoxification and weaning of heroin addicts by means of acupuncture, gabergic drugs and psychopharmacologic agents in low doses]. Minerva Med 1979 May 19;70(24):1735-44. (Ita).

Cottraux JA, Harf R, Boissel JP, Schbath J, Bouvard M, Gillet J. Smoking cessation with behaviour therapy of acupuncture--a controlled study. Behav Res Ther 1983;21(4):417-24.

Cui M. Advanced in studies on acupuncture abstinence. J Tradit Chin Med 1996 Mar;16(1):65-9.

Cui M. Advances in studies on acupuncture abstinence. J Tradit Chin Med 1995 Dec;15(4):301-7.

Culliton PD, Kiresuk TJ. Overview of substance abuse acupuncture treatment research. J Altern Complement Med 1996 Spring;2(1):149-65.

Dale RA. Addictions and acupuncture: The treatment methods, formulae, effectiveness and limitations. Am J Acupunct 1993;21(3):247-66.

Dong JT. Research on the reduction of anxiety and depression with acupuncture. Am J Acupunct 1993;21(4):327-30.

Dung HC. Clinical experiences in using acupuncture to help smoking withdrawal. Int J Chin Med 1986;3(1):5-16.

Facchinetti F, Petraglia F, Nappi G, Martignoni E, Sinforiani, E, Bono G, Genazzani AR. Functional opioid activity variates according to the different fashion of alcohol abuse. Subst Alcohol Actions Misuse 1984-85;5(6):281-91.

Fazio LF. Effects of acupuncture treatments upon depressive affect [dissertation]. San Diego: California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego; 1982. 80 p.

Ford Geiger EL. The psychotherapeutic utilization of acupuncture (counseling, Eastern philosophy, mental health, medicine) [dissertation]. [place unknown]: University of Massachusetts; 1986. 160 p.

Freibott A. [Ambulatory acupuncture assisted drug withdrawal program in Frankfurt am Main. A pilot experiment]. AKU 1995;23(3):176-80. (Ger).

Friedman J. Auricular acupuncture for smoking [letter]. Acupunct Electrother Res 1992;17(2):149-50.

Fuller JA. Smoking withdrawal and acupuncture. Med J Aust 1982 Jan 9;1(1):28-9.

Fung KP, Choa GH, Choy YM, Lee CY, Leung KC, Tsang D, Tso WW, Wen HL. Effect of electro-acupuncture on behavioral responses and plasma levels of ACTH and TSH in naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal in rats. Am J Chin Med 1980 Spring-Summer;8(1-2):167-9.

Gandhi R. The uses of auricular acupuncture in the field of substance misuse. Psychiatr Care 1996;3 Suppl 1:40-1.

Geerlings PJ, Bos TW, Schalken HFA, Wouters LFJM. [Detoxification of heroin addicts with electrostimulation or methadone]. Tijdschr Alcohol Drugs Andere Psychotrope Stoff 1985;11(2):80-5. (Dut).

Gilbey V, Neumann B. Auricular acupuncture for smoking withdrawal. Am J Acupunct 1977 Jul-Sep;5(3):239-47.

Greene HL, Goldberg RJ, Ockene JK. Cigarette smoking: the physician's role in cessation and maintenance. J Gen Intern Med 1988;3(1):75-8.

Gurevich MI, Duckworth D, Imhof JE, Katz JL. Is auricular acupuncture beneficial in the inpatient treatment of substance-abusing patients? A pilot study. J Subst Abuse Treat 1996 Mar-Apr;13(2):165-71.

Haegele PA. [20 years of experience in detoxification and withdrawal treatment with acupuncture]. AKU 1995;23(3):171-5. (Ger).

Han JS. Electroacupuncture: an alternative to antidepressants for treating affective diseases? Int J Neurosci 1986 Mar;29(1-2):79-92.

Han JS, Zhang RL. Suppression of morphine abstinence syndrome by body electroacupuncture of different frequencies in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 1993;31(2):169-75.

Ho WK, Wen HL, Lam S, Ma L. The influence of electro-acupuncture on naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal in mice: elevation of brain opiate-like activity. Eur J Pharmacol 1978 May 15;49(2):197-9.

Jia YK, Luo HC, Zhan L, Jia TZ, Yan M. A study on the treatment of schizophrenia with He-Ne laser irradiation of acupoint. J Tradit Chin Med 1987 Dec;7(4):269-72.

Jiang A, Cui M. Analysis of therapeutic effects of acupuncture on abstinence from smoking. J Tradit Chin Med 1994 Mar;14(1):56-63.

Johnson SH. Treatment of drug abusers in Malaysia: a comparison. Int J Addict 1983 Oct;18(7):951-8.

Kao AH, Lu LYC. Acupuncture procedure for treating drug addiction. Am J Acupunct 1974 Jul-Sep;2(3):201-7.

Kong F. Midnight-noon ebb-flow acupuncture in treating soft tissue injury: clinical observation of 34 cases. Int J Clin Acupunct 1993;4(3):293-5.

Kroening RJ, Oleson TD. Rapid narcotic detoxification in chronic pain patients treated with auricular electroacupuncture and naloxone. Int J Addict 1985;20(9):1347-60.

Kurland HD. ECT and Acu-EST in the treatment of depression. Am J Chin Med 1976 Autumn;4(3):289-92.

Lacroix JC, Besancon F. [Tobacco withdrawal. Efficacy of acupuncture in a comparative trial]. Ann Med Interne (Paris) 1977 Apr;128(4):405-8. (Fre).

Lamontagne Y, Annable L, Gagnon MA. Acupuncture for smokers: lack of long-term therapeutic effect in a controlled study. Can Med Assoc J 1980 Apr 5;122(7):787-90.

Lane C. Final evaluation report: Acupuncture Detoxification Project. Hooper Center, Central City Concern, Multnomah County, Oregon, Alcohol and Drug Program. [place unknown: publisher unknown]; 1988.

Lau MP. Acupuncture and addiction: an overview. Addict Dis 1976;2(3):449-63.

Lebeau B, Vidal C, Billion A, Torcy M, Rochemaure J. [Tobacco detoxication with acupuncture and group psychotherapy]. Rev Med Interne 1986;7(5):471-6. (Fre).

Leung JP. Smoking cessation by auricular acupuncture and behavioral therapy. Psychologia 1991 Sep;34(3):177-87.

Lewenberg A. Electroacupuncture and antidepressant treatment of alcoholism in a private practice. Clin Ther 1985;7(5):611-7.

Lewenberg A. The utility of acupuncture in combination with antidepressants or clonidine in the treatment of opiate addiction. Adv Ther 1985;2(4):143-9.

Lewis GB, Litt M. An alternative approach to premedication: comparing diazepam with auriculotherapy and a relaxation method. Am J Acupunct 1987 Jul-Sep;15(3):205-13.

Lewith G. The treatment of tobacco addiction. Complement Ther Med 1995 Jul;3(3):142-5.

Lin Y. Acupuncture treatment for insomnia and acupuncture analgesia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1995;49(2):119-20.

Liu G, Jia Y, Zhan L, Luo H. Electroacupuncture treatment of presenile and senile depressive state. J Tradit Chin Med 1992 Jun;12(2):91-4.

Low SA. Acupuncture and nicotine withdrawal. Med J Aust 1977 Nov 12;2(20):687.

Low SA. Letter: Acupuncture and heroin withdrawal. Med J Aust 1974 Aug 31;2(9):341.

Lowe L. A focus on acupuncture research, compiled by the California Department of Corrections. Paper presented at: Fifth annual conference, National Acupuncture Detoxification Association; 1994 Mar 18-20; San Francisco, CA.

Luo HC, Jia YK, Li Z. Electro-acupuncture vs. amitriptyline in the treatment of depressive states. J Tradit Chin Med 1985 Mar;5(1):3-8.

MacHovec FJ, Man SC. Acupuncture and hypnosis compared: fifty-eight cases. Am J Clin Hypn 1978 Jul;21(1):45-7.

Maire B. Evaluation de l'efficacite de la consultation de sevrage tabagique au CHRU de Nantes entre 1982 et 1987. Rev Fr Acupunct 1994;20(78):38-45. (Fre).

Malizia E, Andreucci G, Cerbo R. Voluntary abstinence crisis in opiates addicts treated with electroacupuncture. Neurosci Lett 1978;10 Suppl 1:S237.

Many points to needle [editorial]. Lancet 1990 Jan 6;335(8680):20-1. Comment on: Lancet 1989 Jun 24;1(8652):1435-9. Comments in: Lancet 1990 Feb 24;335(8687):481; Lancet 1990 Jul 7;336(8706):57.

Marcus P. The withdrawal of habituating substances. Acupunct Med 1993 Nov;11(2):76-9.

Margolin A, Avants SK, Birch S, Falk CX, Kleber HD. Methodological investigations for a multisite trial of auricular acupuncture for cocaine addiction: a study of active and control auricular zones. J Subst Abuse Treat 1996 Nov-Dec;13(6):471-81.

Margolin A, Avants SK, Kosten TR, Chang P. Acupuncture reduces cocaine abuse in methadone-maintained patients. NIDA Res Monogr Ser 1993;(132):314.

Martin GP, Waite PM. The efficacy of acupuncture as an aid to stopping smoking. N Z Med J 1981 Jun 24;93(686):421-3.

Martina RM. How effective is acupuncture without proper detoxification? Am J Acupunct 1989;17(2):131-4.

Matsumoto K, Tsujimoto T, Morishita H, Ueeda K, Kaneko Z. A variation of acupuncture used in the sedation of hyperactive children. Am J Acupunct 1990;18(4):359-61.

McLellan AT, Grossman DS, Blaine JD, Haverkos HW. Acupuncture treatment for drug abuse: a technical review. J Subst Abuse Treat 1993 Nov-Dec;10(6):569-76.

Milanov I, Toteva S. Acupuncture treatment of tremor in alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Am J Acupunct 1993;21(4):319-22.

Mitchell ER. Fighting drug abuse with acupuncture: the treatment that works. Berkeley (CA): Pacific View Press; c1995. 208 p.

Moner SE. Acupuncture and addiction treatment. J Addict Dis 1996;15(3):79-100.

Newmeyer JA, Johnson G, Klot S. Acupuncture as a detoxification modality. J Psychoact Drugs 1984 Jul-Sep;16(3):241-61.

Ng LK, Douthitt TC, Thoa NB, Albert CA. Modification of morphine-withdrawal syndrome in rats following transauricular electrostimulation: an experimental paradigm for auricular electroacupuncture. Biol Psychiatry 1975 Oct;10(5):575-80.

Ng LK, Thoa NG, Douthitt TC, Albert CA. Experimental "auricular electroacupuncture" in morphine-dependent rats: behavioral and biochemical observations. Am J Chin Med 1975 Oct;3(4):335-41.

Olms JS. How to stop smoking: effective new acupuncture point discovered. Am J Acupunct 1981 Jul-Sep;9(3):257-60.

Olms JS. Increased success rate using new acupuncture point for stop-smoking discovered. Am J Acupunct 1984 Dec;12(4):339-44.

Olms JS. New: an effective alcohol abstinence acupuncture treatment. Am J Acupunct 1984;12(2):145-8.

Parker LN, Mok MS. The use of acupuncture for smoking withdrawal. Am J Acupunct 1977 Dec;5(4):363-6.

Patterson M. Addictions can be cured. The treatment of drug addiction by neuro-electric stimulation: an interim report. 1st ed. Berkhamsted (England): Lion; c1975. 95 p.

Poliakov SE. [Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with endogenous depression]. Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr 1987;87(4):604-8. (Rus).

Rampes H, Pereira S. Role of acupuncture in alcohol dependance and abuse. Acupunct Med 1993 Nov;11(2):80-4.

Requena Y, Michel D, Fabre J, Pernice C, Nguyen J. Smoking withdrawal therapy by acupuncture. Am J Acupunct 1980;8(1):57-63.

Rossano NA. Crack-cocaine abuse acupuncture as effective adjunct to therapy in current treatment programs. Int J Clin Acupunct 1992;3(4):333-8.

Roustan C. Alcoolisme et acupuncture. Rev Fr Acupunct 1992;18(72):11-9. (Fre).

Sainsbury MJ. Acupuncture in heroin withdrawal. Med J Aust 1974 Jul 20;2(3):102-5.

Sainsbury MJ. Heroin withdrawal using ear acupuncture. Med J Aust 1974 Jun 1;1(22):899.

Schwartz JL. Evaluation of acupuncture as a treatment for smoking. Am J Acupunct 1988;16(2):135-42.

Shakar M, Smith M. The use of acupuncture in the treatment of drug addiction. Am J Acupunct 1979 Jul-Sep;7(3):223-8.

Shi ZX. Observation on the therapeutic effect of 120 cases of hallucination treated with auricular acupuncture. J Tradit Chin Med 1988 Dec;8(4):263-4.

Shi ZX, Tan MZ. An analysis of the therapeutic effect of acupuncture treatment in 500 cases of schizophrenia. J Tradit Chin Med 1986 Jun;6(2):99-104.

Shuaib BM, Haq MF. Electro-acupuncture treatment in psychiatry. Am J Chin Med 1977 Spring;5(1):85-90.

Shuaib M. Acupuncture treatment of drug dependence in Pakistan. Am J Chin Med 1976;4(4):403-7.

Smith MO. Acupuncture and natural healing in drug detoxification. Am J Acupunct 1979 Apr-Jun;7(2):97-107.

Smith MO. Acupuncture treatment for crack: clinical survey of 1,500 patients treated. Am J Acupunct 1988;16(3):241-6.

Smith MO. Lincoln hospital acupuncture detoxification: the early days. Chicago: [publisher unknown]; 1997.

Smith MO, Aponte J, Bonilla-Rodriguez R, Rabinowitz N, Cintron F, Hernandez L. Acupuncture detoxification in a drug and alcohol abuse treatment setting. Am J Acupunct 1984;12(3):251-5.

Smith MO, Khan I. An acupuncture programme for the treatment of drug-addicted persons. Bull Narc 1988;40(1):35-41.

Smith MO, Squires R, Aponte J, Rabinovitz N, Bonilla-Rodriguez R. Acupuncture treatment of drug addiction and alcohol abuse. Am J Acupunct 1982 Jun;10(2):161-6.

Sytinsky IA, Galebskaya LV. Physiologo-biochemical bases of drug dependence treatment by electro-acupuncture. Addict Behav 1979;4(2):97-120.

Tennant FS Jr. Outpatient heroin detoxification with acupuncture and staplepuncture. West J Med 1976 Sep;125(3):191-4.

Ter Riet G, Kleijnen J, Knipschild P. A meta-analysis of studies into the effect of acupuncture on addiction. Br J Gen Pract 1990 Sep;40(338):379-82.

Thorer H, Volf N. Acupuncture after alcohol consumption: a sham controlled assessment. Acupunct Med 1996;14(2):63-7. Also available via the Internet at: http://users.aol.com/acubmas/alcohol.htm.

Toteva S, Milanov I. The use of body acupuncture for treatment of alcohol dependence and withdrawal syndrome: a controlled study. Am J Acupunct 1996;24(1):19-25.

Tupitsyn IuIa. [Treatment of psychogenic sleep disorders]. Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr 1973;73(5):742-6. (Rus).

Uskok M, D'Aquila MG, Buscaglia G, Porro B, Mereto N, Gastaldo P, Launo C. [Acupuncture versus diazepam as premedication in gynecological surgery]. Gazz Med Ital 1995;154(3):97-100. (Ita).

von Benedek L, Kespi JM. Psychotherapie analytique et acupuncture. Rev Fr Acupunct 1991;17(66):7-27. (Fre).

Wells EA, Jackson R, Diaz OR, Stanton V, Saxon AJ, Krupski A. Acupuncture as an adjunct to methadone treatment services. Am J Addict 1995;4(3):198-214.

Wen H, Teo SW. Experience in the treatment of drug addiction by electro-acupuncture. Mod Med Asia 1975 Jun;11(6):23-4.

Wen HL. Acupuncture and electrical stimulation (AES) outpatient detoxification. Mod Med Asia 1979 Mar;15(3):39-43.

Wen HL. Clinical experience and mechanism of acupuncture and electrical stimulation (AES) in the treatment of drug abuse. Am J Chin Med 1980;8(4):349-53.

Wen HL. Fast detoxification of drug abuse by acupuncture and electrical stimulation (AES) in combination with naloxone. Mod Med Asia 1977;13(5):13-7.

Wen HL. Fast detoxification of heroin addicts by acupuncture and electrical stimulation (AES) in combination with naloxone. Comp Med East West 1977 Fall-Winter;5(3-4):257-63.

Wen HL, Ho WK, Wong HK, Mehal ZD, Ng YH, Ma L. Changes in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels in drug addicts treated by a new and rapid detoxification procedure using acupuncture and naloxone. Comp Med East West 1979 Fall;6(3):241-5.

Wen HL, Ho WK, Wong HK, Mehal ZD, Ng YH, Ma L. Reduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol in drug addicts treated by acupuncture and electrical stimulation (AES). Comp Med East West 1978;6(1):61-6.

Wen HL, Ho WKK, Ling N, et al. Immunoassayable beta-endorphin level in the plasma and CSF of heroin addicted and normal subjects before and after electroacupuncture. Am J Chin Med 1980;8(1-2):154-9.

Wen HL, Ng YH, Ho WK, Fung KP, Wong HK, Ma L, Wong HC. Acupuncture in narcotic withdrawal: a preliminary report on biochemical changes in the blood and urine of heroin addicts. Bull Narc 1978 Apr-Jun;30(2):31-9.

Wenhe Z, Hechun L, Yucun S. The effect of electric acupuncture treatment on urinary MHPG-sulfate excretion in unmedicated schizophrenics. Int J Neurosci 1981;14(3-4):179-82.

Wu F. Treatment of schizophrenia with acu-moxibustion and Chinese medicine. J Tradit Chin Med 1995 Jun;15(2):106-9.

Wu Y. The effect of acupuncture in curing the smoking habit, 210 cases. J Tradit Chin Med 1981;1(1):65-6.

Xie L, Xie L, Dong X. 124 cases of dyssomnia treated with acupuncture at sishencong points. J Tradit Chin Med 1994 Sep;14(3):171-3.

Yang MM, Kwok JS. Evaluation on the treatment of morphine addiction by acupuncture Chinese herbs and opioid peptides. Am J Chin Med 1986;14(1-2):46-50.

Zalesskiy VN, Belousova IA, Frolov GV. Laser-acupuncture reduces cigarette smoking: a preliminary report. Acupunct Electrother Res 1983;8(3-4):297-302.

Zhang LD, Tang YH, Zhu WB, Xu SH. Comparative study of schizophrenia treatment with electroacupuncture, herbs and chlorpromazine. Chin Med J (Engl) 1987 Feb;100(2):152-7.

Zhang LD, Xu SH, Tang YH, Zhu WB. A comparative study of the treatment of schizophrenia with electric acupuncture, herbal decoction and chlorpromazine. Am J Acupunct 1990;18(1):11-4.

Zhang MJ. Treatment of 296 cases of hallucination with scalp-acupuncture. J Tradit Chin Med 1988 Sep;8(3):193-4.

Zhang ZY, Yuan YM, Yan BW, Tian YQ, Wang W, Fan LM. An observation of 1316 cases of hysterical paralysis treated by acupuncture. J Tradit Chin Med 1987 Jun;7(2):113-5.

Zhou G, Jin SB, Zhang LD. Comparative clinical study on the treatment of schizophrenia with electroacupuncture and reduced doses of antipsychotic drugs. Am J Acupunct 1997;25(1):25-31.

Zhuge DY, Chen JK. [Comparison between electro-acupuncture with chlorpromazine and chlorpromazine alone in 60 schizophrenic patients]. Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1993 Jul;13(7):408-9, 388. (Chi).

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