Vrach Delo (1965 Jan) 1:116-7 Published in Russian

Massoni G

Hawthorn extract (Crataegus) in the treatment of certain ischemic myocardial diseases in old age

G Gerontol (1968 Sep) 16(9):979-84 Published in Italian

Mavers WH Hensel H

Changes in myocardial blood circulation following administration of Crataegus extract in non-narcotized dogs

Arzneimittelforschung (1974 May) 24(5):783-5 Published in German

Muth HW

[Indications for treatment with crataegus]

Ther Ggw (1976 Feb) 115(2):242-55 Published in German

Nasa-Y; Hashizume-H; Ehsanul-Hoque-A-N; Abiko-Y

Protective effect of Crataegus extract on the cardiac mechanical dysfunction in isolated perfused working rat heart.

Arzneimittel-Forschung (1993) 43(9): 945-949

The effect of the water-soluble fraction of Crataegus (Crataegus extract) on the cardiac mechanical and metabolic function was studied in the isolated, perfused working rat heart during ischemia and reperfusion. Ischemia (15 min) was produced by removing afterload pressure, and reperfusion (20 min) was produced by returning it to the original pressure. In the control (no drug) heart, ischemia decreased mechanical function to the lowest level, which did not recover even after the end of reperfusion. Crataegus extract (0.01 or 0.05%) was applied to the heart from 5 min before ischemia through the first 10 min after reperfusion. With the high concentration of Crataegus extract (0.05%) the mechanical function recovered during reperfusion incompletely without increasing coronary flow, but the low concentration of Crataegus extract (0.01%) did not. In the heart treated with the high concentration of Crataegus extract, the reperfusion-induced recovery of the energy metabolism was accelerated, and the level of lactate during ischemia was lower than that in the control heart, although the myocardial levels of free fatty acids during ischemia and reperfusion were not greatly affected. These results demonstrate that Crataegus extract (0.05%) has a cardioprotective effect on the ischemic-reperfused heart, and that the cardioprotective effect is not accompanied by an increase in coronary flow.

O'Conolly M Jansen W Bernhoft G Bartsch G

Treatment of decreasing cardiac performance. Therapy using standardized crataegus extract in advanced age

Fortschr Med (1986 Nov 13) 104(42):805-8 Published in German

Rewerski W Lewak S

[Some pharmacological properties of flavan polymers isolated from hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha)]

Arzneimittelforschung (1967 Apr) 17(4):490-1 Published in German

Rewerski W Piechocki T Rylski M Lewak S

[Pharmacological properties of oligomeric procyanidine isolated from hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha)]

Arzneimittelforschung (1971 Jun) 21(6):886-8 Published in German

Schmidt U., Kuhn U., Ploch M., Hubner

Efficacy of the Hawthorn (Crataegus) Preparation Ll 132 in 78 patients with chronic congestive heart failure defined as NYHA functional class ll.

Phytomedicine Vol. 1/1994, pp. 17-24

Seventy-eight male and female patients between the ages of 45 and 73, who were affected by chronic heart failure defined as NYHA functional class 11, were treated either with Crataegus ex tract or with a placebo preparation. The extract Ll 132 was administcred to the patients hl the form of 3 dragees a day (verum preparation) corresponding to a daily dose of 600 mg. Treatment was continued over a period of 8 weeks, with a wash-out phase of one week. The confirmatory parameter used to asses the efficacy of the preparation was the patients' working capacity which was measured using an ergometer bicycle. Before the start of the study, an increase in the patients' working capacity of at least half an exercise step on the ergometer bicycle (12.5 watt) was determined to be clinically relevant. Apart from the compatibility of the preparation, a score system was used to assess the severity Ievel of the typical symptoms. From day 0 to day 56 of thc trial, the median values obtained for the working capacity of the patients treated with the verum preparation were found to have increased by 28 watt, while the increasc in thc working capacity of the placebo patients was as little as 5 watt. Thc diffcrcnce was statistically siL:nificallt (p < O.OOl ). Apart from that, a significant reduction of thc systolic blood prcssure, of the heart ratc and of the prcssure/rate product was observed for thc patiellts treated with thc verum prepara tion, compared to the patients treated with the placcbo preparation. Also, the clinical symptoms were found to havc improved significant!y. There were no severe side effects observed.