Atzori C Bruno A Chichino G Bombardelli E Scaglia M Ghione M

Activity of bilobalide, a sesquiterpene from Ginkgo biloba, on Pneumocystis carinii.

In: Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1993 Jul) 37(7):1492-6

The sesquiterpene bilobalide, extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves, was tested in vitro and in vivo for the ability to inhibit Pneumocystis carinii growth. Bilobalide was inhibitory to trophozoites cultured on human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HEL 299) at approximately the same concentration as trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole (lowest effective concentration, 50 micrograms of bilobalide per ml versus 9/45 microgram of trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole per ml), inducing microscopically detectable morphological changes in the cytoplasm of the parasite. In pharmacologically immunosuppressed Sprague-Dawley rats transtracheally infected with a suspension of about 5 x 10(6) P. carinii trophozoites per ml, the daily intraperitoneal administration of bilobalide (10 mg/kg of body weight for 8 days) lowered the number of organisms by approximately 2 logs (that is, about 99%). There was no apparent toxicity either in uninfected HEL 299 feeder cells or in infected and uninfected animals. These studies suggest that the sesquiterpene bilobalide might be useful for therapy of and prophylaxis against P. carinii infections in humans.

Bauer U.,

Six months double-blind randomised clinical trial of Ginkgo biloba extract versus placebo in two parallel groups in patients suffering from peripheral arterial insufficiency.

In: Arzneimittel - ForsehlDru: Res, 1984, 34, 716-720.

Boismare F.:

Etude de l'action hemodynamique de l'extrait concentre de Ginkgo biloba comparee a celle du gaz carbonique chez le sujet jeune et chez le sujet senile.

In: Ouesl Medical, 1976, 29, 747-749.

Bono Y., Mouren P.:

L'insuffisance circulatoire cerebrale et son traitement par l'extrait de Ginkgo biloba.

In: Med. Med., 1975, 3, 59-62.

Boudouresques G., Vigouroux R., Boudouresques J.:

Interet et place de l'extrait de Ginkgo biloba en pathologie vasculaire cerebrale.

In: Medecine Pralicienne, 1975, 59:, 75-78.

Bourgain RH Maes L Andries R Braquet P

Thrombus induction by endogenic paf-acether and its inhibition by Ginkgo Biloba extracts in the guinea pig.

In: PROSTAGLANDINS (1986 Jul) 32(1):142-4

The anti-thrombotic effects of specific paf-acether antagonist BN 52021 were compared to the effects of Ginkgo Biloba extracts A, B, (A+ B), and C. Local superfusion of BN 52021 over an experimentally injured arterial segment embolizes an existent paf-acether induced platelet thrombus. When applied before paf-acether, BN 52021 prevents local thromboformation in this model. Applied intravenously, BN 52021 reduces local thromboformation in a significant way. As compared to this BN 52021 standard, only Ginkgo Biloba B and the (A + B)-mixture present major thromboreductive activity.

Braquet P

Cedemin, a Ginkgo biloba extract, should not be considered as a PAF antagonist [letter; comment]

In: Am J Gastroenterol (1993 Dec) 88(12):2138

Chabrier PE Roubert P

[Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the hemato-encephalic barrier]